Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) Loud.
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Article from Bean's Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles
Bean's Trees and Shrubs
Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) Loud.
Shellbark Hickory
Synonyms: Juglans laciniosa Michx. f.; C. sulcata Nutt.
A tree 100 to 120 ft high; bark separating from the trunk into broad plates often 3 or 4 ft long; young shoots at first downy; terminal winter bud 1 in. long. Leaves 12 to 22 in. long, composed of usually seven, sometimes nine, leaflets, the terminal ones of which are obovate, 4 to 8 in. long, 11⁄2 to 21⁄2 in. wide, the lower ones ovate and only one-third or one-fourth the size; all long and slender-pointed, toothed; glabrous, and glossy above, downy beneath. Male catkins 4 in. or more long. Fruit oblong, 21⁄2 in. long, 2 in. wide; nut four- or six-ridged.
Native of the eastern United States from New York and E. Pennsylvania southwards; introduced to England in 1804. The tree in Tortworth churchyard, Glos., mentioned in previous editions, now measures 60 × 5 ft (1964 – 30 × 13⁄4 ft in 1905); no other sizeable specimen has been recorded. This species resembles the better-known C. ovata but usually has seven not five leaflets, which are downy beneath (glabrous in C. ovata). It resembles C. tomentosa in having leaves with usually seven leaflets, hairy beneath, but in that species the indumentum is woolly and persistent (merely downy in C. laciniosa) and glands are also present; also the bark of C. tomentosa is close, not shaggy, and the terminal winter buds are broadly ovoid (almost globose).
From the Supplement (Vol. V)
In the first printing of the current edition it was stated that no sizeable specimen of this species had been recorded other than the one in Tortworth churchyard. This is no longer the case:
specimens: Osterley Park, Middx., in Woods (N), 80 × 51⁄4 ft (1976); Blackmoor, Hants, 70 × 5 ft and 70 × 4 ft (1982); Wakehurst Place, Sussex, 95 × 31⁄2 ft (1984); Nymans, Sussex, 80 × 41⁄4 ft (1985); Borde Hill, Sussex, pl. 1913, 75 × 33⁄4 ft (1976); Tortworth Church, Glos., 56 × 51⁄4 ft (1973); Bicton, Devon, 72 × 4 ft (1983); Enys, Cornwall, 72 × 41⁄2 ft (1977); Madresfield Court, Worcs., 65 × 41⁄2 ft (1975).
Recommended citation
'Carya laciniosa' from the website Trees and Shrubs Online (treesandshrubsonline.
Large tree to 41 m in the wild. Bark light grey, fissured or exfoliating in large, thick, persisting plates. Branchlets orange to pale brown, stout, hirsute, scaly. Terminal bud, broadly ovoid, 1.2–2.3 cm long, outer scales with longer apices, pale brown. Leaves deciduous, imparipinnate, 30–56 cm long; leaflets (5-)7-9)-11, ovate to obovate or elliptic, 9–20 × 3–10 cm, upper surface hirsute along the midrib and shortly pubescent elsewhere; lower surface hirsute with simple, 2-6-armed hairs, scaly with numerous large peltate scales and small round peltate scales; margins coarsely serrate, apex narrowly acuminate; petiolules 0–0.1 cm long; petiole and rachis sparsely to densely hirsute and scaly; petiole 6–13 cm long. Male catkins to 20 cm long, minutely hirsute, glandular. Fruits pale brown to darker brown, 3–4 × 2–3 cm, globose to ellipsoid, slightly compressed or not, splitting to the base; nuts finely wrinkled. (Bean 1976. Lance 2004. Whittemore & Stone 1997, Whittemore 2013.)
Distribution Canada Southern Ontario. United States Eastern States; from the Great Lakes south to northern Oklahoma and Tennessee, and from western New York west to Iowa; some outliers exist.
Habitat Rich bottomlands, along creeks, and in open cedar glades; 20-300 m.
USDA Hardiness Zone 5-8
RHS Hardiness Rating H5
Conservation status Least concern (LC)
Leaves, fruits and buds of Carya laciniosa are typically the largest of all the hickories, making identification relatively simple when all of the aforementioned characters are available. The tree also resembles C. ovata, though usually bigger in proportion (and with more leaflets), giving rise to the alternative common name of ‘big shagbark hickory’ (Sternberg 2004).
Like other ‘true’ hickories, it is slow to establish and the sole plant of WECA 32, collected in Edwin Warner Park, Tennessee in 2014, stands at 70 cm after 4 years in the ground. The parent tree was of stout dimensions, with a diameter at 1.5 m of 1.2 m and fruits evidently favoured by the local squirrel population, as most hickories tend to be, with less than a dozen fruits left available for collection by early October.
The species was first introduced to Britain in 1804 (Bean 1970). Though no originals are known, the tree in Tortworth churchyard, Gloucestershire, recorded by Bean (1970) as 10 m tall in 1905 and 20 m tall in 1964 remains in good health, if partially ivy-covered. A larger example grows in the lesser-managed valley just north of the neighbouring Tortworth Court Hotel, though the tallest example in the UK grows at Aldenham Woods and was measured at 28.5 m tall in 2018 (TROBI 2018).
**refs clipboard Carya: Lu et al.1999, Kozlowski et al. 2018 Bean 1976 Whittemore & Stone 1997
Society of Ontario Nut Growers 2013 Grimo Nut Nursery 2019 De Smallekamp 2019 Crawford 2016 Reid 2019
Smith 1990 Grauke 2003 Rudawska et al. 2018
The Tree Register 2019 monumentaltrees.com 2019
Dirr 2009 Huxley et al.1992 Jacobson 1996 Kurz 2003 Sternberg 2004 Lance 2004
Elwes & Henry 1906–1913 Elias 1980 Ohwi 1965 Sargent 1917 Armitage et al. 2014
Stanford et al. 2000 Aradhya et al. 2007 Zhang et al. 2019 De Smallekamp 2019 Wang et al. 2015 Shu et al. 2016
Milne & Abbot 2002 Moerman 2019 (N Am Etnobotany)
Arboretum Mustila 2019 Gothenburg Botanical Garden 2019 Plantcol 2019 Meise Botanic Garden 2019
US National Arboretum 2019 University of California Botanical Garden 2019
University of Washington Botanic Gardens 2019 JC Raulston Arboretum 2019
Hoyt Arboretum 2019 Morton Arboretum 2019 University of British Columbia 2019 Arnold Arboretum 2019
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