Spartium junceum L.

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Credits

Article from Bean's Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles

Recommended citation
'Spartium junceum' from the website Trees and Shrubs Online (treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/spartium/spartium-junceum/). Accessed 2024-04-19.

Genus

Spartium

Common Names

Spanish Broom

Infraspecifics

'Plenum'

Other taxa in genus

Glossary

bloom: Bluish or greyish waxy substance on leaves or fruits.
entire: With an unbroken margin.
glabrous: Lacking hairs smooth. glabrescent Becoming hairless.
linear: Strap-shaped.
pollen: Small grains that contain the male reproductive cells. Produced in the anther.
simple: (of a leaf) Unlobed or undivided.
standard petal: (in the flowers of some legumes) Large upper petal; also known as ‘vexillum’.

References

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Credits

Article from Bean's Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles

Recommended citation
'Spartium junceum' from the website Trees and Shrubs Online (treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/spartium/spartium-junceum/). Accessed 2024-04-19.

Spartium junceum in magnificent full flower (Chelsea Physic Garden, June 2010). Image John Grimshaw.

A tall shrub of rather gaunt habit, with erect, cylindrical, rush-like stems, glabrous and dark green, which, in the almost entire absence of foliage, fulfil the functions of leaves. It grows 8 to 12 ft high. Leaves very few and deciduous, simple, linear, 1⁄2 to 3⁄4 in. long, with silky hairs beneath. Flowers fragrant, disposed in terminal racemes 12 or even 18 in. long, on the current season’s growth. Each flower is about 1 in. long, pea-shaped (papilionaceous), shortly stalked, rich glowing yellow, with a showy, roundish standard petal nearly 1 in. across. The upper edge of the keel towards the base is sensitive. If it be touched by a pencil point (or the proboscis of an insect) the stamens spring out from the keel, ejecting the pollen in a little cloud. Pods 11⁄2 to 3 in. long, 1⁄4 in. wide, hairy, five- to twelve-seeded.

Native of S. Europe, N. Africa, Anatolia, the Crimea and W. Syria; if the ‘Spartum frutex’ of William Turner’s Names of Herbes was this species, it was already established in gardens as early as 1548.

S. junceum is a useful shrub whose value is enhanced by its coming into bloom in June and lasting until September. In July, when it is at its best, it is very showy. It is admirable for planting on hot dry banks, especially if it be associated with a dwarfer shrub (like double-flowered gorse), which will hide its gaunt and naked base. But in the ordinary reaches of the garden also it makes very effective groups, and gives masses of welcome colour when shrubs generally have gone out of flower. It must be raised from seeds (which ripen in abundance), and kept in pots until planted out in permanence, for it dislikes disturbance at the root. Sometimes it is grown as a formal bush, being clipped over with shears in early spring before growth starts; shoots then spring out all over the bush, which blossom in their due season a few months later.

The shrub has some economic value in the south of Europe, yielding a fibre which is obtained from the branchlets by maceration, and is worked up into thread, cordage, and a coarse fabric.

Spartium junceum is one of the showiest brooms (University of British Columbia Botanical Garden, Vancouver, June 2023).

Spartium junceum (Yorkshire Arboretum, UK, July 2022). Image John Grimshaw.

Spartium junceum at Villa Taranto, Lake Maggiore, Italy. June 2021. Image Tom Christian.

Detail of flowers on Spartium junceum. Linn Botanic Gardens, Argyll, UK. August 2022. Image Tom Christian.

The fragrant flowers of Spartium junceum present a showy roundish standard petal of a rich yellow. Port-Blanc, Brittany, France. 6 July 2022. Image Guillaume Mamdy.

Desiccation causes a twist of the pod of Spartium junceum which opens by projecting the seeds up to several meters away. Port-Blanc, Brittany, France. 6 July 2022. Image Guillaume Mamdy.

Detail on the hairy immature fruit of Spartium junceum. Port-Blanc, Brittany, France. 6 July 2022. Image Guillaume Mamdy.

'Plenum'

A double-flowered form propagated by grafting on young seedlings of the type. It was introduced by Peter Collinson from Nuremberg in 1746. He says: ‘It cost me a golden ducat; came from thence down the Rhine, and was brought by the first ship to London in good order. I inarched it on the single-flowered broom and gave it to Gray and Gordon [two famous nurserymen].’ It was, till recently, cultivated at Kew, but unless it had deteriorated, it was scarcely worth Collinson’s trouble.